Understanding Total Leukocyte Count: A Comprehensive Guide to Normal Levels, Testing Methods, and Procedures

The Total Leucocyte Count (TLC) test is an important diagnostic parameter that measures the number of white blood cells, giving you key insights into your immune system's strength. In the following blog, we provide you with a complete understanding of this test. From the normal range to the process through which it is conducted and the result interpretation, get a profound understanding of your body's defence mechanisms.

What is the Total Leukocyte Count?

Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) is the total number of white blood cells (also known as leukocytes) in your bloodstream. These cells play a fundamental role in your body's immune system, defending against various infections and diseases. White blood cells (WBCs) include neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils, each serving a specific role in your immune system.

What is the Purpose of Getting a Total Leukocyte Count Test?

The TLC blood test is fundamental in assessing your immune system's potential by measuring the total number of leukocytes in your blood sample. This test helps identify abnormalities in your leukocyte levels and is usually a part of the Complete Blood Count (CBC) test that measures all the types of cells in your bloodstream.

A deviation from the TLC normal range can indicate various conditions, including infections, inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, or certain types of leukaemia. Therefore, monitoring TLC is particularly valuable in assessing your body's ability to mount an immune response and diagnosing and managing various diseases. Moreover, timely detection allows doctors to prescribe appropriate treatments and monitor the progress of any underlying health conditions you suffer from.

When Should I Get My Total Leucocyte Count Tested?

Your doctor may recommend the test for specific reasons. Here are some of the common grounds when it is advisable to get your TLC tested:

• Suspected Infections: If you experience symptoms of infection, such as persistent fever, chills, body aches, or unusual fatigue, your doctor may recommend a TLC test. Elevated white blood cell counts can indicate an ongoing infection, and the specific pattern of white blood cells can provide insights into the type of infection.
• Chronic Illness Monitoring: If you have chronic diseases like autoimmune disorders or inflammatory conditions, you may undergo a TLC blood test regularly to monitor disease activity and treatment effectiveness. Changes in the TLC normal range can indicate disease flares or complications.
• Preoperative Assessment: Before certain surgeries or medical procedures, your doctor may order a TLC test to ensure your immune system functions optimally. This helps minimise the risk of postoperative infections in your body and provides a smoother recovery.
• Post-treatment Follow-up: If you have undergone medical treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation, that can impact your immune system, regular TLC testing may be part of the follow-up care. This helps monitor your body's recovery and assess the effectiveness of the treatment.
• Persistent Fatigue or Weakness: Unexplained and persistent fatigue or weakness may warrant a TLC blood test. Abnormal white blood cell counts can be associated with various health conditions.
• Allergic Reactions or Respiratory Issues: In cases of suspected allergic reactions or respiratory problems, a TLC test may be recommended by your doctor to assess the immune response. Eosinophil counts, in particular, can provide insights into allergic conditions and certain respiratory diseases.

How To Be Prepared For Total Leucocyte Count Test?

Preparing for a Total leukocyte count test is relatively straightforward.

• Begin by informing your healthcare provider of your medical history and medications.
• While fasting is typically not required, follow any specific instructions provided.
• Stay hydrated, and wear clothing with easily accessible sleeves that facilitate quick and convenient access to your arm for blood collection.
• Remain relaxed before the test to obtain accurate results.
• Consider postponing intense exercise on the test day.
• If your healthcare provider gives specific guidance, such as discontinuing certain medications or following a particular diet, adhere to these instructions.
• Communicate openly about any changes in health between scheduling the test and the actual appointment.

Are There Any Risks Or Complications Associated With Getting a Total Leucocyte Count Test?

Generally, a TLC test is a low-risk procedure. However, some common risks include minor bruising or discomfort at the blood collection site. In extremely rare cases, you may experience fainting or infection.

What is the Procedure For the Total Leucocyte Count Test?

Your involvement in the TLC blood test begins with a simple blood draw.

• A trained phlebotomist cleans the selected area, typically the inside of your elbow, with an antiseptic.
• A tourniquet may be applied to make your veins more visible.
• A small amount of blood is collected into a test tube using a sterile needle.
• Once the sample is obtained, the needle is removed, and pressure is applied to the puncture site to prevent bleeding.
• The collected blood sample is then carefully labelled and sent to a laboratory for analysis.
• Technicians in the lab use automated machines to count the number of white blood cells in your blood sample. The results are usually available within a day or two.

Can Medications Affect Total Leucocyte Count?

Yes, certain medications can influence your total leucocyte count. Some drugs, like corticosteroids or chemotherapy agents, can either elevate or suppress your WBC count, impacting the accuracy of the test results.

What is the Normal Total Leukocyte Count?

The normal range of a TLC test typically falls between 4,000 and 11,000 white blood cells per microliter of blood.

Men tend to have a slightly higher normal TLC value than women at about 5000-10000 WBCs per microlitre of blood. The normal TLC range in females is between 4500-11000 WBCs per microlitre of blood. However, individual variations may occur, and the specific reference ranges can slightly differ between laboratories.

In children, normal TLC count can vary based on age. For infants, the range is typically higher, gradually decreasing as they grow older. Paediatricians consider age-specific reference ranges to assess the normalcy of white blood cell counts in children. Deviations from the TLC normal range may warrant further investigation by healthcare professionals to identify potential underlying health issues or infections.

Interpreting Total Leukocyte Count Reports

Your TLC results are interpreted based on your medical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to provide a more accurate understanding.

• Normal Range: If your TLC count falls within the normal range, it suggests a balanced immune system. This generally indicates good overall health and proper functioning of your body's defence mechanisms.
• Elevated TLC: Bacterial infections, such as pneumonia or urinary tract infections, can lead to higher TLC counts. Moreover, inflammatory conditions like arthritis or allergic reactions might also cause an increase in the TLC count of your blood. The specific pattern of white blood cell elevation can offer clues about the type of infection. For instance, bacterial infections often lead to increased neutrophils, while viral infections may impact lymphocyte counts.
• Decreased TLC: A lower-than-normal TLC, known as leukopenia, may be associated with viral infections, autoimmune disorders, or bone marrow problems. Certain medications, like chemotherapy drugs, can also suppress white blood cell production in your body.
• Specific Diseases: Specific white blood cell types, like neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils, can provide additional insights. For instance, an increase in eosinophils may suggest allergies or parasitic infections, while a decrease in lymphocytes could be seen in conditions like HIV/AIDS. Abnormalities in the bone marrow, where white blood cells are produced, can affect the TLC normal range. Moreover, conditions like leukaemia or myelodysplastic syndromes may result in increased or abnormal white blood cell counts.

What Happens If the TLC Count is High?

If the total leukocyte count is high and exceeds the normal range of 11,000 white blood cells per microliter of blood, it suggests leukocytosis (excess WBCs). This indicates an active infection, inflammatory disorders, or stress within your body.

What is the Normal Range For Total Leucocyte Count?

The normal range for Total Leucocyte Count is typically 4,000 to 11,000 white blood cells per microliter of blood.

What is Low TLC In a Blood Test?

A low TLC indicates leukopenia, which typically falls below 4,000 white blood cells per microliter of blood. This may suggest medicine side effects, vitamin deficiency, viral infections such as HIV, hepatitis, autoimmune or bone marrow disorders, etc.

Are There Any Lifestyle Changes That Can Help Maintain a Healthy Total Leucocyte Count?

Yes, you can!

• Prioritise regular exercise, a well-balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, and adequate hydration.
• Manage stress through relaxation techniques.
• Ensure sufficient sleep and practice good hygiene.

These lifestyle choices contribute to your overall immune health, promoting an optimal TLC for your blood.

Conclusion

Understanding and monitoring your total leucocyte count (TLC) is pivotal for assessing your immune health. Whether within the normal range or facing deviations, proactive measures, and regular consultations with doctors help you to address potential health challenges. Lifestyle choices, such as a balanced diet and stress management, support a healthy TLC. Are you curious about your TLC count but unsure where to get tested? Choose Metropolis Labs for precise and pocket-friendly TLC and CBC tests from the comfort of your home. Book your test today!