Understanding Semen Analysis: Procedure, Result Interpretation, and Implications

What is a semen analysis?

A semen analysis is a laboratory test that evaluates the quality and the amount of sperm. It is a crucial part of the evaluation for male infertility. The semen analysis test procedure involves the collection of a semen sample, usually through masturbation, and examine it under the microscope and through various chemical tests. The semen analysis purpose usually provides for the measurement of different key parameters, including the count of the spermatozoa, motility (movement), morphology (shape), volume, pH and the presence of white blood cells or other cells in the semen.

What is Semen?

Semen, also known as seminal fluid, is a body fluid secreted by the male reproductive organ. It plays a vital role in human reproduction. Sperm consists of spermatozoa (commonly known as sperm) and seminal plasma. The sperm are produced in the testes and stored in the epididymis, while the seminal plasma is produced by several glands, including the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands.

Semen is ejaculated during sexual climax, a process known as ejaculation. The primary function of semen is to deliver sperm to the female reproductive tract. Once you come to the female reproductive system, the sperm should go through the cervix and the uterus to reach the fallopian tube where eggs can occur.

When is a semen analysis performed?

A semen analysis might be suggested in any of the following situations:

• If you've been trying to conceive with your partner for over a year without success
• As part of routine fertility testing or to verify the success of vasectomy
• To investigate potential male fertility problems or suspected genetic issues
• To diagnose conditions like infections or hormonal imbalances

How does a semen analysis work?

A semen analysis test procedure designed to evaluate the health and viability of a man's sperm and playing an essential role in diagnosing male fertility problems. The semen analysis test procedure begins with the collection of a semen sample, typically through masturbation after 2 to 7 days of abstinence. The sample must be delivered to the laboratory promptly within one hour to ensure accuracy.

Once the sample is received, it is liquefied at room temperature for about 20-30 minutes. The sample is then examined under microscope to evaluate several important parameters such as: sperm count, motility (movement), and morphology (shape). Additional tests are performed to measure the volume, pH, and white blood cells or other substances present in the semen.

The semen analysis normal range for these parameters, as established by the World Health Organization (WHO), includes a sperm concentration of at least 15 million sperm per millilitre.

What does a Sperm analysis include?

A semen analysis includes a thorough examination of several key parameters to assess male fertility.

• During a semen analysis, the semen sample is analysed for sperm count, which measures the concentration of sperm in the semen.
• The semen analysis also evaluates sperm motility, determining the percentage of moving sperm and their movement quality.
• Sperm morphology is another crucial aspect of semen analysis, which examines the shape and structure of the sperm.
• Additionally, a semen analysis measures the volume of the semen, ensuring it falls within the normal range.
• Sperm pH is tested during semen analysis to check for imbalances that may affect sperm health.
• The semen analysis may also detect the presence of white blood cells or other cells, indicating possible infections or other health issues.

What should I expect before a semen analysis?

If you're scheduled for a semen analysis, here are some key things to keep in mind:

• Avoid sexual activity or masturbation for 2-5 days before the test, but not for more than two weeks, as it could result in less active sperm.
• Limit alcohol intake before your sperm analysis.
• Inform your doctor about any medications or herbal supplements you're taking, as they can affect the results of the sperm analysis.

You will likely need to provide more than one sample, given that semen samples from the same man can vary. You may even be asked for two to three samples over 3 months.

Can your wife or partner help with a sperm sample?

Yes, if a man is uncomfortable giving a sample at the clinic through masturbating, semen samples can be collected at home using a special condom obtained from the healthcare provider. However, special utmost care must be taken to ensure that the sperm sample is not tampered in any way.

How can I check my sperm count at home?

A home test kit can help you measure your sperm count. These kits use a smartphone app or other digital tool to privately assess your sperm count. But keep in mind that these tests only measure sperm count, not other parameters like motility and morphology.

What to expect after the semen analysis?

After the semen analysis, some men might experience feelings of anxiety while awaiting results. It is important to remember that lab technicians are skilled in handling these samples and ensuring accurate results.

When will I know the results of a semen analysis?

The turnaround time for semen analysis results varies depending on the lab. Generally, results are available within a few days to a week.

What do results look like for post-vasectomy semen analysis?

For post-vasectomy semen analysis, successful surgery is indicated by the absence of sperm in the semen. If sperm is detected, further tests may be required.

What do results look like for male fertility testing?

When a couple faces difficulty in conceiving, one of the initial tests recommended for the male partner is semen analysis.

This test examines different factors of the semen, such as:

• Semen Volume: A volume of 1.5 to 5 millilitres is considered normal
• Sperm Count: The typical range is 15 million to over 200 million sperm per millilitre
• Morphology: This refers to the shape and structure of sperm. More than 4% of sperm having a normal shape is considered healthy.
• Motility: This assesses the movement and swimming capability of sperm. Over 40% of sperm showing good motility is seen as positive.

What is the normal range for a sperm analysis?

The World Health Organization (WHO) provides reference values that serve as the semen analysis normal range.

• Semen volume: 1.5 ml or more
• Sperm concentration: 15 million sperm/ml or more
• Total sperm number: 39 million sperm per ejaculate or more
• Sperm motility (movement): 40% or more moving
• Sperm morphology (form and structure): 4% or more with normal appearance

What do abnormal results mean for my ability to help a person conceive?

Abnormal semen analysis results may indicate issues with your ability to help someone get pregnant. If the semen analysis shows a low sperm count, poor motility or abnormal morphology, the chance of fertilisation may decrease. Semen analysis showing low sperm volume or pH imbalance can also affect sperm viability.

These abnormal semen analysis results can help identify underlying problems that may require medical intervention or lifestyle changes. If semen analysis shows abnormalities, a health care provider should be consulted for further evaluation and treatment.

Is sperm analysis covered by insurance?

Insurance coverage for semen analysis varies depending on your provider and plan. It's advisable to verify with your insurance company before scheduling a test.

Conclusion

Understanding semen analysis can seem overwhelming, particularly when dealing with fertility issues. However, armed with the right information and professional medical advice, you can navigate this process confidently.

If you are considering undergoing a semen analysis and looking for reliable diagnostic services, consider Metropolis Healthcare. Known for their accurate pathology testing services, their expert team handles sample collection at home. Test results are conveniently shared online via email or the Metropolis TruHealth app. Remember that prioritising your health is within reach with accurate knowledge and quality healthcare.