Testicular Pain: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

Feeling pain in your testicles can be worrying and uncomfortable. Whether it's a dull ache or sharp pain, it is natural to be concerned about what might be causing it. While testicular pain is often harmless and temporary, it can sometimes signal an underlying medical condition that requires attention. Being familiar with the causes, symptoms, and when to seek help can provide reassurance and guide you towards the right care.

In this guide, we will explore testicular pain causes, possible symptoms, risk factors, and diagnostic methods to help you better understand this condition.

What is Testicular Pain?

Testicular pain refers to discomfort, aching, or sharp pain in one or both testicles. It can be mild or severe, sudden or persistent, and may spread to the groin or lower abdomen. The pain can originate from the testicle itself or surrounding structures such as the epididymis, spermatic cord, or scrotum.

Pain in the testicles can result from various causes, including minor injuries, infections, inflammation, or underlying medical conditions. Some cases resolve on their own, while others require medical treatment.

Is It Normal to Have a Testicle Ache?

Occasionally experiencing mild testicular pain is common and often not a cause for concern. Temporary pain may be due to minor trauma, prolonged physical activity, or even sexual arousal without ejaculation (known as "blue balls").

However, persistent, severe, or sudden-onset pain should never be ignored. In some cases, it could indicate an emergency, such as testicular torsion, which requires immediate medical attention.

How Do You Know If Testicular Pain is Serious?

Not all testicular pain is dangerous, but some cases require urgent medical attention. You should take the pain seriously if:

• It is sudden and severe – A sudden, sharp pain in the testicle could be a sign of testicular torsion, a medical emergency where the spermatic cord twists and cuts off blood flow.
• The pain is persistent or worsening – If the discomfort does not improve within a few hours or worsens, it may indicate an infection or underlying issue.
• There is swelling or redness – Inflammation, swelling, or redness in the testicles or scrotum may suggest an infection such as epididymitis.
• You have difficulty urinating – Painful or frequent urination along with testicular pain may indicate a urinary tract infection (UTI) or sexually transmitted infection (STI).
• There is a lump in the testicle – While not all lumps are cancerous, any unusual swelling or lump should be checked by a doctor.
• You experience nausea or vomiting – These symptoms alongside testicular pain could be a sign of torsion, which needs urgent treatment.
• Pain radiates to the groin or lower abdomen – If the discomfort spreads beyond the testicles, it could be related to a hernia or kidney stones.

Who Is Most at Risk of Testicular Pain?

Testicular pain can affect anyone, but certain factors may increase your risk:

• Teenage boys and young men – Testicular torsion is more common in younger males, especially between the ages of 12 and 18.
• Athletes and physically active individuals – High-impact sports or excessive physical activity can cause testicular injuries or strain.
• Men with a history of infections – A history of urinary tract infections (UTIs) or STIs can increase the risk of testicular infections like epididymitis.
• Individuals with a family history of testicular conditions – Conditions like torsion or testicular cancer can have genetic links.
• Men with undescended testicles – Those born with undescended testicles are at a higher risk of torsion and other complications.
• People who frequently wear tight clothing – Tight underwear or athletic gear can put pressure on the testicles, leading to discomfort or pain.

What Other Symptoms May Occur Alongside Testicular Pain?

Testicular pain symptoms may vary depending on the underlying cause. Some common accompanying symptoms include:

• Swelling or redness – An inflamed testicle or scrotum may suggest infection or injury.
• Fever or chills – A high temperature often indicates an infection, such as epididymitis or orchitis.
• Pain during urination – A burning sensation while urinating could point to a UTI or STI.
• Blood in urine or semen – The presence of blood may be linked to infections, trauma, or testicular conditions.
• Lump or hard mass in the testicle – Any abnormal swelling should be examined to rule out testicular cancer.
• Lower abdominal or groin pain – Pain spreading beyond the testicles could be related to a hernia or kidney stones.

If you notice any of these testicular pain symptoms, consult a doctor for further evaluation.

Can Testicular Pain Be Caused by a Sexually Transmitted Infection?

Yes, testicular pain causes include sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Infections like chlamydia and gonorrhoea can cause inflammation in the testicles and epididymis.

• Epididymitis from STIs – Chlamydia and gonorrhoea are common causes of epididymitis, leading to testicular swelling and discomfort.
• Orchitis – Some viral infections, such as mumps, can cause orchitis, resulting in testicular pain and swelling.
• Discharge or painful urination – STIs often cause burning sensations during urination and unusual discharge from the penis.
• Testicular swelling and tenderness – Infections can lead to one or both testicles becoming enlarged and painful.

If you suspect an STI as one of the testicular pain causes, seek medical advice for proper testing and treatment.

How Is Testicular Pain Diagnosed?

Doctors use various methods for testicular pain diagnosis to identify the cause:

• Physical examination – The doctor will check for swelling, tenderness, or lumps in the testicles and groin area.
• Urine and blood tests – These help detect infections, STIs, or underlying health issues.
• Ultrasound imaging – A scrotal ultrasound provides a detailed view of the testicles and blood flow, crucial for diagnosing conditions like torsion.
• STD screening – If an STI is suspected, specific tests may be conducted to confirm the infection.
• Testicular cancer screening – If a lump is present, further tests may be required to check for cancer.

A thorough testicular pain diagnosis ensures the right treatment is provided.

Can Testicle Pain Go Away on Its Own?

In some cases, testicular pain can resolve on its own, especially if caused by minor injuries, strain, or temporary conditions like fluid buildup. Rest, applying ice packs, and wearing supportive underwear can help ease discomfort. However, persistent, severe, or unexplained pain should not be ignored. 

If the pain worsens, spreads to the groin or abdomen, or is accompanied by swelling or fever, seek medical attention. While some causes of testicular pain are harmless, others may require prompt treatment to prevent complications. Always monitor your symptoms and consult a doctor when necessary.

Who Treats Testicular Pain?

A urologist is the primary specialist for testicular pain treatment. Urologists diagnose and treat conditions related to the urinary tract and male reproductive system, including infections, injuries, and testicular torsion. In some cases, general practitioners or emergency doctors may provide initial care, especially for sudden or severe pain. 

If the pain is linked to an infection, a doctor may prescribe antibiotics. If a lump is present, further evaluation by a specialist is necessary. Seeking medical advice from the right healthcare professional ensures that you receive accurate diagnosis and effective treatment for testicular pain.

Is Surgery Needed for Testicular Pain?

Surgery is not always required for testicular pain, but in some cases, it becomes necessary. If testicular torsion is diagnosed, emergency surgery is required to untwist the spermatic cord and restore blood flow. Hernias causing testicular pain may also need surgical repair. In cases of testicular cancer, surgery to remove the affected testicle (orchiectomy) may be recommended. 

However, for most infections, injuries, or mild conditions, non-surgical treatments like medication, rest, and supportive care are sufficient. If you experience persistent or unexplained testicular pain, a doctor can determine whether surgical intervention is needed based on your condition.

Can Testicular Pain Be Prevented?

While not all testicular pain can be prevented, certain precautions can reduce your risk.

• Wear protective gear – If you play contact sports, use an athletic cup to prevent injuries.
• Practice safe sex – Using condoms can lower the risk of sexually transmitted infections, which are common testicular pain causes.
• Avoid prolonged pressure – Tight underwear or prolonged sitting can cause discomfort; opt for looser clothing when possible.
• Maintain good hygiene – Regular cleaning of the genital area helps prevent infections that may lead to testicular pain.
• Seek early treatment for infections – Prompt medical attention for urinary tract infections (UTIs) or STIs can prevent complications.
• Perform regular self-exams – Checking for lumps or swelling helps detect testicular conditions early.

When to See a Doctor?

You should seek medical attention for testicular pain if:

• The pain is sudden and severe – This could be a sign of testicular torsion, requiring immediate emergency care.
• Swelling or redness develops – These symptoms could indicate an infection, inflammation, or another underlying condition.
• A lump or hard mass is present – Any new lump should be evaluated for possible testicular cancer.
• Pain persists or worsens – Ongoing discomfort that does not improve over time needs medical evaluation.
• Fever, nausea, or vomiting occur – These symptoms may accompany infections or more serious conditions.
• Urination becomes painful – Burning sensations, difficulty urinating, or unusual discharge may point to an infection or STI.

Prompt testicular pain diagnosis can prevent complications and ensure appropriate treatment. Never ignore persistent or severe pain—early intervention is key to maintaining your health.

Conclusion

Testicular pain can be caused by various factors, from minor injuries to serious medical conditions. While some cases resolve on their own, persistent or severe pain should never be ignored. Understanding testicular pain symptoms, risk factors, and diagnosis methods can help you take the right steps toward treatment. Seeking timely medical attention ensures proper care and prevents complications.

For accurate testicular pain diagnosis and expert evaluation, Metropolis Healthcare offers advanced diagnostic services, including laboratory tests and imaging. Their trusted specialists and top facilities provide precise and timely results with the best care for your health. Prioritise your well-being with professional medical support.

FAQs

Should I ignore testicular pain?

No, testicular pain should never be ignored. While some causes are minor, persistent or severe pain may indicate a serious condition requiring medical attention.

Which medicine is best for testicle pain?

Pain relievers like ibuprofen or paracetamol can help. However, testicular pain treatment depends on the cause, so consult a doctor for the right medication.

How long can testicle pain last?

Mild testicular pain may last hours to days, while infections or serious conditions can persist longer. If pain continues or worsens, seek medical advice immediately.