What is Blood in Stool: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Discovering blood in the stool can be a concerning sign which requires immediate attention by a healthcare professional for a proper evaluation. Blood in the stool might indicate bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract and can also be associated with conditions like peptic ulcer disease, anal fissures, haemorrhoids, etc. So you should not ignore this symptom, which could also indicate serious conditions like cancer.

We will explore the common conditions and diseases associated with blood in stool in this write-up, highlighting the possible causes.

What is blood in stool or gastrointestinal bleeding?

Blood in stool also referred to as rectal or gastrointestinal bleeding, refers to the presence of red blood in stool passed from the anus. The blood may be mixed in the stool or present as separate drops or clots. The cause of blood in the stool can vary but is often the result of bleeding in the digestive tract.

Bleeding can occur in various areas in the gastrointestinal tract, such as the stomach, small intestine, large intestine or colon, rectum and anus. The reasons for blood in stool can also vary from minor conditions like haemorrhoids to serious health problems like colon cancer. Thus, it is important to identify the cause of blood in stool immediately, as some cases require urgent medical attention. Mild causes for gastrointestinal bleeding may resolve on its own, while moderate or severe bleeding requires evaluation and treatment.

Common conditions and diseases that can cause blood in stool

• Hemorrhoids

Haemorrhoids (piles) are swollen blood vessels in the anus or rectum. They can cause bright red blood, separate blood drops, pain, itching and discomfort. Haemorrhoids are common and often result from chronic diarrhoea, frequent constipation, heavy lifting, prolonged sitting, or pregnancy. Most haemorrhoids can be managed by taking dietary changes, increased fibre intake, medication, exercises or with tropical treatments like Preparation H. Only severe and frequent cases of haemorrhoids require surgery.

• Anal fissures

An anal fissure is a small tear in the lining of the anus, commonly caused by hard stools, constipation or trauma during bowel movements. It can result in bright red blood in stool, also visible on toilet paper. Although anal fissures are common in infants, adults can also experience them. Self-healing is often preferred for this condition by using petroleum jelly for pain relief and promoting softer stools through increased water intake and high-fibre foods.

• Diverticulosis or diverticulitis

Diverticula are small pouches formed in the large intestine, which results in diverticulitis when infected or inflamed. This condition is more prevalent in older adults and can cause blood in the stool if the diverticula rupture or bleeds. Diverticulitis occurs in the lower colon near the rectum when the inner lining's pockets, called diverticula, become infected and inflamed. Inflammation in these pockets can make the blood vessels more fragile, leading to acute rectal bleeding.

• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

IBD is a chronic condition that includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Inflammation of the digestive tract in these medical conditions can cause bleeding, resulting in blood in the stool. IBD causes chronic abdominal pain and diarrhoea and, in severe cases, leads to bleeding.

• Peptic ulcers

Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop in the stomach lining or the small intestine's upper part. It is formed due to stomach acids wearing away the protective lining, often caused by bacteria or long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The open sores created as a result lead to ulcer bleed, which causes blood in the stool. Individuals might face burning-like stomach pain and the presence of blood is mostly dark or tarry.

Other possible causes for blood in stool

• Colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer is formed in the colon or rectum and is marked by blood in stool, abdominal pain and unintended weight loss. Early detection and medical attention to this condition are important for successful treatment. Colorectal cancer can arise from polyps and develop into cancerous growths, causing bleeding.

• Polyps

Polyps are abnormal tissue growths on the intestinal tract lining that can develop into the colon or rectum. Although most polyps are noncancerous, some can turn into cancer over time. Larger or irregular polyps are more likely to bleed, resulting in blood in the stool.

• Sexually transmitted infections

Some sexually transmitted infections, like chlamydia, syphilis and gonorrhoea, can cause inflammation in the rectal lining or anal, causing bleeding. Human papillomavirus can cause anal warts and herpes can result in sores, which may lead to blood in stools.

When to seek medical care if you find blood in stool?

Although occasional blood in the stool may not be a serious case, it is necessary to consult a doctor. It is recommended to seek a doctor if you have any of the following conditions:

• Blood in stool is found for more than a few days.
• The blood is dark or back in colour, indicating upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Additional symptoms include blood in the stool, abdominal pain, weight loss, changes in bowel habits or fatigue.
• You have a family history of colorectal cancer or other gastrointestinal conditions.

Diagnostic tests and treatment options

To determine the cause of blood in stool, doctors may recommend various diagnostic tests, including:

• Stool tests
• Colonoscopy
• Blood tests
• Digital rectal exam
• Anoscopy
• Upper endoscopy

Treatment options for this condition will depend on the underlying blood in stool causes. It may include lifestyle modifications, medications, surgical interventions, or further diagnostic procedures to address certain conditions or diseases.

Conclusion

Discovering blood in the stool can be overwhelming but it is essential to stay calm and seek proper medical attention. You must be aware of all the common conditions and diseases causing blood in the stool so that you can take proactive steps towards maintaining your digestive system and overall well-being.

Metropolis Healthcare is a leading diagnostic centre in India, providing accurate and fast checkup services for blood testing or other medical conditions. Visit your nearest Metropolis centre or utilise their at-home sample collection service for all the testing related to blood in the stool.

Some benefits of choosing Metropolis Healthcare are that they use advanced technologies for testing and you can receive test reports online through email or Metropolis TruHealth app. They have a highly qualified team for accurate lab testing and ensure personalised attention to every customer.