Diverticulosis: Managing Symptoms and Preventing Complications

What is diverticulosis?

Diverticulosis is a condition where small pouches, known as diverticula, form in the lining of the digestive system, primarily in the colon. These pouches develop when weak spots in the colon wall bulge outward, often as a result of increased pressure within the colon.

Diverticulosis causes are more common with age, affecting about half of people over 60. Most individuals with diverticulosis do not experience symptoms, and the condition is often found incidentally during routine medical tests. However, when diverticulosis symptoms do occur, they may include mild cramping, bloating, or changes in bowel habits.

While diverticulosis itself is generally not harmful, complications can arise if the diverticula become infected or inflamed, leading to a condition called diverticulitis. Maintaining a high-fiber diet and staying hydrated can help manage the condition and prevent complications.

What is the difference: diverticulosis vs. diverticulitis?

It's important to distinguish between diverticulosis and diverticulitis. Diverticulosis simply means you have diverticula present, but they are not inflamed or infected. On the other hand, diverticulitis occurs when one or more of the diverticula become inflamed or infected. Diverticulitis can cause severe symptoms and lead to serious complications if left untreated.

Is diverticulosis a serious condition?

In most cases, diverticulosis does not cause any troublesome symptoms or health problems. Many people with diverticulosis are unaware that they have the condition. However, diverticulosis can lead to several complications, such as diverticulitis, diverticular bleeding, intestinal obstruction, and even perforation of the colon in severe cases. Therefore, it's essential to be aware of the potential risks and seek medical advice if you experience any concerning symptoms.

How common is diverticulosis?

Diverticulosis is quite common, particularly in Western countries. In the United States, it's estimated that around 35% of adults under 50 have diverticulosis, with the prevalence rising to 58% in those over 60. The risk of developing diverticulosis symptoms increases with age, with older individuals being more likely to develop the condition. Additionally, some studies suggest that genetics can play a role in a person’s likelihood of developing diverticulosis, indicating that family history may influence the risk. Lifestyle factors, such as diet and physical activity, also contribute to its development.

What are the symptoms of diverticulosis?

Diverticulosis often doesn’t cause symptoms, and many people with the condition are unaware they have it. However, when diverticulosis symptoms do occur, they may include:

• Abdominal cramps or pain, typically in the lower left side of the abdomen
• Bloating and a feeling of fullness
• Constipation or diarrhea, with alternating bowel movements
• Mucus or blood in the stool, which can be alarming

Diverticulosis symptoms can resemble other digestive disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), making it important to get an accurate diagnosis. In some cases, diverticulosis can lead to more serious complications like diverticulitis, where the pouches become inflamed or infected. Symptoms of diverticulitis include severe abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and vomiting. If you experience any of these more severe symptoms, it’s crucial to seek medical attention immediately. Regular check-ups and consultations with your doctor can help manage symptoms and build a comprehensive diverticulosis treatment plan.

What are the causes of diverticulosis?

The exact diverticulosis causes are not known, but several factors are believed to contribute to the development of diverticula:

• Low-fiber diet: A diet lacking in fiber can lead to hard stools and increased pressure within the colon, which may cause diverticula to form.
• Age-related changes: As we age, the colon wall can become weaker, making it easier for diverticula to develop.
• Genetics: Having a family history of diverticulosis may increase your risk.
• Lifestyle factors: Lack of exercise, obesity, and smoking are associated with a higher likelihood of developing diverticulosis.

What are the risk factors involved?

Several factors can increase your risk of developing diverticulosis causes:

• Age: The risk increases as you get older, with the highest incidence among those over 60.
• Diet: A low-fibre diet that is high in red meat and fat may increase your risk.
• Obesity: Being significantly overweight puts extra pressure on the colon walls.
• Smoking: Nicotine and other chemicals in cigarettes can weaken the colon lining.
• Certain medications: Long-term use of steroids, opiates, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may increase the risk.

How is diverticulosis diagnosed?

Diverticulosis is often discovered incidentally during routine screening exams or tests performed for other reasons. To diagnose diverticulosis, your doctor may recommend one or more of the following:

• Medical history and physical exam
• Blood tests to check for signs of infection or anemia
• Stool tests to rule out other causes of your symptoms
• Imaging tests such as a CT scan or barium enema X-ray
• Colonoscopy to visually examine the inside of your colon

What tests will be done to diagnose this condition?

Diverticulosis treatment would follow after a positive diagnosis, which includes the following tests:

• Colonoscopy: This is the most common test used to diagnose diverticulosis. It allows your doctor to see the inside of your entire colon using a thin, flexible tube with a camera on the end. During the procedure, your doctor can also take tissue samples (biopsy) if needed.
• CT scan: A CT scan uses X-rays and computer technology to create detailed images of your abdomen and pelvis. This test can help confirm the presence of diverticulosis and rule out other conditions.
• Barium enema X-ray: This test involves inserting a liquid containing barium into your rectum, which coats the lining of your colon and makes the diverticula more visible on X-rays.
• Blood tests: While blood tests cannot diagnose diverticulosis, they can check for signs of infection, inflammation, or anaemia, which may indicate a complication.

What treatment is available for diverticulosis?

In most cases, diverticulosis does not require specific treatment if you are not experiencing bothersome symptoms. However, your doctor may recommend some lifestyle changes for diverticulosis prevention:

• Eat a high-fibre diet rich in whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables.
• Drink plenty of fluids to help prevent constipation.
• Exercise regularly to promote normal bowel function.
• Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.

If you do experience symptoms, over-the-counter pain relievers and anti-spasmodic medications may help. In cases of diverticulitis, antibiotics and a temporary low-fiber or liquid diet may be necessary. Surgery is rarely needed unless you develop severe complications.

How to prevent diverticulosis?

While there is no guaranteed way for diverticulosis prevention, you can take steps to lower your risk:

• Aim for 25-35 grams of fibre per day from whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables.
• Drink plenty of water and other fluids to keep stools soft and easy to pass.
• Physical activity helps promote regular bowel movements and maintain a healthy weight.
• Smoking increases the risk of diverticulosis and other digestive disorders.
• A diet high in red meat, especially processed meats, is associated with a higher risk of diverticulosis.

What can we expect if we have diverticulosis?

If you have been diagnosed with diverticulosis, it's important to know that the condition is usually manageable. Most people with diverticulosis do not experience any symptoms or complications. However, adopting a healthy lifestyle is crucial for lowering the risk of developing diverticulitis or other related complications.

Is diverticulosis reversible?

Unfortunately, diverticulosis is not reversible once the diverticula have formed. The pouches are permanent, but you can take steps to prevent them from becoming inflamed or infected.

How do we take care of ourselves while living with diverticulosis?

If you have been diagnosed with diverticulosis, there are several things you can do to manage the condition and prevent complications:

• Follow a high-fibre diet: Gradually increase your intake of fibre-rich foods like whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes. Aim for at least 25-35 grams of fibre per day.
• Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water and other fluids to keep your stools soft and prevent constipation.
• Exercise regularly: Engage in physical activity most days of the week to maintain a healthy weight, promote regular bowel movements, and reduce stress.
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption: Both smoking and excessive alcohol intake can irritate the digestive system and increase the risk of complications.

Does diverticulosis occur outside of the colon?

While diverticulosis most commonly affects the colon (large intestine), it can occur in other parts of the digestive tract, such as the small intestine or oesophagus. However, these locations are much less common. Diverticula in the small intestine, also known as Meckel's diverticula, are usually congenital (present at birth) and may not cause any symptoms. Esophageal diverticula are rare and can cause difficulty swallowing or regurgitation of food.

Conclusion

Diverticulosis is a common digestive condition that affects many people, particularly as they age. If you are experiencing symptoms or have concerns about your digestive health, don't hesitate to consult with your healthcare provider.

At Metropolis Healthcare, we understand the importance of digestive health and are committed to providing comprehensive diagnostic services to help you stay informed and proactive about your well-being. Our team of skilled professionals and state-of-the-art facilities ensure accurate and reliable results, empowering you to make informed decisions about your health. Take charge of your digestive health today by scheduling a consultation or exploring our range of health check-up packages tailored to your needs.