White Spots on Nails (Leukonychia): Causes, Implications and Treatments

Have you ever noticed small white spots on your nails that leave you puzzled? If so, you're not alone. These spots, known as leukonychia, are quite common. While they are usually harmless, they can cause concern about their underlying causes. This comprehensive guide aims to demystify leukonychia by addressing your questions about the origins of these white spots, potential treatments, and prevention strategies.

We’ll delve into possible triggers, such as nail trauma, calcium deficiency, and the effects of anxiety on nail health. Our goal is to guide you from diagnosis to treatment, providing clear explanations to enhance your health literacy. We want to empower you with the information you need to make informed health choices.

Let’s uncover the mystery behind those white spots and help you feel more confident about your nail health!

What is Leukonychia?

Leukonychia refers to white discolourations or spots on your fingernails or toenails. These white spots can vary in size and number, ranging from small specks to large patches, and may appear on one nail or multiple.

There are three main types of leukonychia:

1. True Leukonychia: White spots that develop in the nail matrix, where nail growth begins, and appear in the hard part of the nail (nail plate).
2. Apparent Leukonychia: White spots that form in the skin beneath the nails (nail bed).
3. Pseudoleukonychia: Caused by external factors like fungi, these white spots develop on the surface of the nail.

The appearance varies among individuals, some may have tiny specks while others have larger spots; some may have it on one nail while others may find it on several nails. The manifestation of these white spots varies from person to person, some may have one or two medium-sized spots or many specks, while others may have very large spots.

What do White Spots on My Nails Mean?

Typically, white spots on nails are indicative of some form of stress experienced by your nails. This could be a result of physical injuries like hitting your nail against a hard surface, an infection or an allergic reaction. In some instances, these white spots might be the side effects of certain medications. Certain medications can also have side-effects which cause white spots on nails. Remember, the presence of these white spots is not always a cause for alarm but a sign that your nails might need some extra care.

What are the Most Common Causes of White Spots on Nails?

Understanding the causes of white spots on nails is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

The following are common causes of leukonychia:

1. Allergies: Products used on your nails such as nail polish or hardener could trigger an allergic reaction causing white spots.
2. Injuries (Trauma): Bumping, hitting your nails or regular manicures can cause injuries to nail plates or nail matrixes, leading to white spots.
3. Fungal Infections: These can discolor your nails, making them appear to have white spots.
4. Poisoning and Medications: Exposure to heavy metals or certain medications could also cause white spots.
5. Systemic Diseases: Conditions that affect your entire body, like diabetes or heart failure, may cause leukonychia in rare cases.
6. Hereditary Conditions: Certain inherited conditions may also cause appearance of white spots.

What Deficiency Causes White Spots on Nails?

Healthcare providers and researchers are unsure whether deficiencies cause white spots on nails. Some believe that a lack of essential minerals like iron, calcium, and zinc may lead to leukonychia, while others think it could be due to vitamin deficiencies. However, many experts argue there isn't enough research to support these claims. As a result, the connection between nutritional deficiencies and white spots on nails remains uncertain and continues to be debated within the medical community. More studies are needed for clear answers.

Does Anxiety Cause White Spots on Nails?

Though anxiety itself doesn't directly result in white spots on nails, habits triggered by anxiety like nail-biting or picking at your nails might cause them. Depending upon the root cause of leukonychia, the treatment may vary. For instance, if it's cause due to an injury, the spots will grow out over time. In case the spots are due to fungal infection, antifungal medications may be prescribed.

How are White Spots on Nails Treated?

Leukonychia treatment depends on its root cause. White spots resulting due to injuries usually grow out over time. If fungal infections are the reason behind these white spots, your healthcare provider may prescribe antifungal medications. In the case of white spots due to allergic reactions, discontinuing the use of the product causing the allergy might be advised. Depending upon the root cause of leukonychia, the treatment may vary. For instance, if it's due to an injury, the spots will grow out over time. In case the spots are due to fungal infection, antifungal medications may be prescribed.

How Can Leukonychia Be Prevented?

While there's no guaranteed way to prevent leukonychia, adhering to certain tips can help:

• Protect your nails during activities that could result in injuries.
• Regularly moisturise your nails.
• Keep your nails neatly trimmed.
• Avoid using irritating chemicals or products on your nails.

When Should White Spots on Nails Be Treated by a Doctor?

While an occasional white spot might not warrant a doctor's visit, you should consult a healthcare provider if you notice frequent or widespread leukonychia. Also, if you notice other symptoms like changes in nail colour, ridges, or dents alongside white spots, it is a time to get a medical advice. It's advisable to consult a healthcare provider if you notice any new symptoms around your nails or experience white spots along with more severe symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, blurred vision, disorientation, and shortness of breath.

Conclusion

Noticing white spots on your nails can be worrisome, but understanding leukonychia can help ease your concerns. Generally harmless, these spots often result from minor injuries, nail trauma, or allergic reactions. They can also occur due to factors such as nail polish or harsh chemicals. However, if the spots still persist without any obvious cause or are accompanied by other symptoms, such as changes in nail texture or color, it's important to consult a healthcare provider for a thorough evaluation and peace of mind.

At Metropolis Healthcare, we understand the crucial role of diagnostic services in overall health management. Our team of expert technicians is just a call away for at-home blood sample collection processed at our advanced diagnostic labs. Explore our comprehensive offerings and empower yourself to prioritise your health today. Our dedicated team of expert professionals are available for at-home sample collections, providing timely and reliable reports straight to your inbox or our user-friendly TruHealth app. Together, let's prioritise your health!