Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction: Symptoms, Causes, and Relief Tips

What is Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction?

Symphysis pubis dysfunction (SPD) causes discomfort in the pelvic area. The pelvic bones connect at the symphysis pubis joint, which is usually stable because of strong ligaments. If these ligaments become too relaxed, it can lead to joint instability and cause SPD. This condition can be quite painful and affect a person’s quality of life, but there are medical treatments and home remedies that can help provide relief.

Who does it affect?

Primarily, symphysis pubis dysfunction affects pregnant women. Fluctuations in hormone levels during pregnancy can soften the ligaments in the pelvic area to facilitate childbirth. However, this process can sometimes lead to SPD. Weight fluctuations during pregnancy can also add pressure to the pelvis and cause discomfort. It's important to note that not all pregnant women will experience SPD.

In rare cases, SPD can be linked to arthritis or pelvic injuries. While it’s more common in women, men can also have SPD, though it’s less frequent.

How common is Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction?

Symphysis pubis dysfunction is surprisingly common during pregnancy. A study in The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association reveals that about 31.7% of pregnant women experience SPD.

What causes Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction?

Symphysis pubis dysfunction (SPD) can result from several factors:

• Pregnancy: The hormone relaxing loosens pelvic ligaments, which can lead to instability.
• Trauma: Injuries from accidents can trigger SPD.
• Repetitive Force: Activities like horse riding may contribute to the condition.
• Other Conditions: Risk factors include obesity, calcium deficiency, weak abdominal muscles, anatomical variations, and infections.
• Joint Diseases: Osteoarthritis can cause cartilage breakdown, leading to SPD.
• Metabolic Diseases: Disorders like renal osteodystrophy can alter joint structure.

SPD typically causes pain in the groin and inner thigh, with symptoms worsening when putting full weight on one leg.

What are the symptoms of Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction?

The intensity of symphysis pubis dysfunction symptoms varies greatly from person to person, with some may experience a mild discomfort, while others feel more intense pain The primary symptom is pelvic area, often described as shooting, aching, or grinding. This discomfort can extend to surrounding areas, including the upper thighs, lower back, hips, or perineum, making daily activities increasingly challenging.

Other symphysis pubis dysfunction symptoms include:

• A clicking or popping sound in the pelvis
• Difficulty in walking or standing for extended periods
• Pain that worsens with weight-bearing activities, like climbing stairs, getting in and out of bed, or lifting objects
• Trouble with balance or coordination
• In rare cases, difficulty urinating or incontinence, particularly as pelvic pressure increases during pregnancy

These symptoms can significantly impact overall quality of life and daily well-being.

How is Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction diagnosed?

Diagnosing symphysis pubis dysfunction (SPD) typically involves a thorough review of the person's symptoms, including a physical examination, and an assessment of their medical history. The doctor will ask about the nature and location of the pain, activities that worsen it, and any difficulties with movement or daily tasks.

For pregnant women, symphysis pubis dysfunction diagnosis relies mainly on symptom assessment and physical examination, X-rays are generally avoided. In non-pregnant individuals, imaging tests like X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans may be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of joint separation or inflammation. Early diagnosis is crucial for effectively managing symphysis pubis dysfunction symptoms and preventing further discomfort.

How is Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction treated?

Symphysis pubis dysfunction treatment depends on the severity of the condition and may involve medical interventions or home remedies which can help in alleviate pain and improve mobility. Possible symphysis pubis dysfunction treatment options include:

• Soft Tissue Therapy: This includes chiropractic care, spinal manipulation, and targeted massage to improve pelvic joint stability, alleviate pain, and reduce inflammation. These therapies can enhance blood flow and promote healing.
• Pregnancy Support Belt: Wearing a support belt in pregnancy helps stabilise the pelvic bones, improves posture, and maintains proper alignment, providing effective short-term relief from SPD symptoms during pregnancy.
• Stretches and Exercises: A doctor or physical therapist may suggest safe stretches and exercises to help improve mobility. These may include pelvic tilts, gentle yoga, and Kegel exercises. These activities can strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, reduce pain, and make movement easier.

Home remedies are also effective for managing symphysis pubis dysfunction. Also including some simple practices like placing a pillow between your legs when sleeping, avoiding prolonged sitting or standing, using an ice pack on the pelvic area to reduce an inflammation, staying moderately active, and avoiding activities that worsen the pain can offer significant relief. Additionally, warm baths, gentle heat therapy, and frequent rest periods can help alleviate discomfort and promote healing. Staying mindful about your body’s signals is essential for recovery.

How to prevent Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction?

You can’t completely prevent pelvic joint pain during pregnancy, but you can protect your pelvic area from injury. Here are some simple tips to lower your risk of symphysis pubis dysfunction (SPD):

• Wear Supportive Shoes: Choose comfortable shoes that provide good support and avoid flip-flops.
• Maintain a Healthy Weight: Keep a healthy weight during your pregnancy; ask your doctor if you’re unsure what’s best for you.
• Listen to Your Body: If something hurts, stop doing it. Don’t push yourself too hard.
• Watch Your Posture: Be mindful of how you sit and move, and avoid twisting motions or activities that strain your pelvis, like squats.

What can I expect if I have Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction?

While symphysis pubis dysfunction can cause significant discomfort and impact daily life, it does not pose a direct risk to the baby. Symptoms usually subside after childbirth, but in severe cases, chronic pain may lead to mental health issues such as depression, which may require psychological support along with physical treatment.

Can Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction lead to pregnancy complications?

In most instances, symphysis pubis dysfunction does not cause pregnancy complications. Women with SPD can generally have vaginal deliveries. However, if the pain is severe and affects mobility, some women might have challenges during vaginal delivery.

What is the difference between Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction and Pubic Symphysis Diastasis?

While both conditions involve the pubic symphysis joint and can cause similar symptoms, symphysis pubis dysfunction (SPD) and pubic symphysis diastasis are different. Symphysis pubis dysfunction is characterised by excessive movement or flexibility in the pelvic joint causing instability and pain. In contrast, pubic symphysis diastasis involves an abnormal separation or widening of the joint, often due to trauma or childbirth complications.

Conclusion

Symphysis pubis dysfunction can be challenging to deal with, especially for pregnant women. However, learning about its symptoms, causes, and treatment options can help you manage it more effectively. It's important to seek guidance from your healthcare provider for personalised advice and support.

For reliable diagnostic support, you may consider Metropolis Healthcare, a leading chain of diagnostic labs across India. Offering accurate pathology testing and health check-ups, with skilled technicians who can collect blood samples from the comfort of your home. The results are shared online via email or through the easy-to-use Metropolis TruHealth app, helping you stay informed about your health.

Remember, knowledge empowers you, and professional healthcare guidance brings peace of mind on your path to well-being.