Serum, Protein Electrophoresis Test

Serum protein electrophoresis test measures the levels of different types of proteins in the blood serum, including albumin, globulin, and other protein fractions. Protein electrophoresis separates the proteins in the serum based on their electrical charge and size, allowing for the identification and quantification of specific protein fractions.

The serum protein electrophoresis test is done for a variety of reasons, including:

1. To identify and quantify specific types of proteins in the blood, such as albumin, globulins, and immunoglobulins, which can help diagnose specific medical conditions.
2. To diagnose and monitor conditions that affect protein levels in the blood, such as multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, and amyloidosis.
3. To evaluate liver and kidney function, as abnormal protein levels in the blood can be an indicator of underlying liver or kidney disease.
4. To assess nutritional status, as protein levels in the blood can be a measure of protein intake and malnutrition.
5. To monitor the effectiveness of treatment for certain medical conditions, such as multiple myeloma and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.
6. To identify abnormal protein patterns in the blood, which can be an early indicator of certain medical conditions and help guide further testing and treatment.

Individuals who may need Protein electrophoresis testing include those who have symptoms that could indicate one of these conditions, such as

• unexplained bone pain
• fatigue
• weakness
• recurrent infections
• abnormal bleeding

Abnormal results on the Protein electrophoresis test may indicate a variety of conditions:

1. Multiple myeloma: This is a type of blood cancer that affects plasma cells. In this condition, the Protein electrophoresis test may show an abnormal spike in the levels of a protein called monoclonal immunoglobulin.
2. Amyloidosis: This is a rare condition in which abnormal proteins build up in the organs and tissues of the body. The Protein electrophoresis test may show abnormal levels of certain proteins in people with this condition.
3. Liver disease: Liver disease can cause abnormal levels of different proteins in the blood, which may be detected by the Protein electrophoresis test.
4. Inflammatory conditions: Some inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, can cause abnormal levels of certain proteins in the blood.
5. Kidney disease: The Protein electrophoresis test may show abnormal protein levels in people with kidney disease.

The test involves drawing a small amount of blood from a vein in your arm. A healthcare professional will clean the area with an antiseptic, wrap an elastic band around your upper arm to make the veins more visible, and insert a needle into a vein to collect the blood sample. You may feel a brief prick or stinging sensation when the needle is inserted, but the procedure is generally painless.

No special preparation is required for the test. However, it is recommended that you consult with your healthcare provider before taking the test, as they may have specific instructions or recommendations based on your individual medical history and current health status.

Some of the tests that may be ordered in conjunction with a Protein electrophoresis include:

1. Urine protein electrophoresis (UPEP) - this test can help to identify abnormal protein levels in the urine, which may be indicative of a kidney or urinary tract disorder.
2. Immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) - this test is used to further identify and characterize specific proteins detected on a Protein electrophoresis. It can help to distinguish between different types of abnormal proteins, such as those associated with multiple myeloma or amyloidosis.
3. Complete blood count (CBC) - this test can provide information about the number and types of cells in the blood, which may be useful in diagnosing conditions such as anemia or infection.
4. Liver function tests (LFTs) - these tests can assess the health of the liver and detect abnormalities such as liver disease or damage.
5. Renal function tests - these tests evaluate how well the kidneys are functioning and can identify kidney disease or damage.
6. Serum calcium levels - this test can help to identify conditions such as hypercalcemia, which may be associated with multiple myeloma or other disorders.

1. Serum electrophoresis
2. Protein electrophoresis
3. Serum protein electrophoresis test
4. SPEP test