Pulmonary Test - AFB XDR Screen
50+ booked in last 3 daysPulmonary Test - AFB XDR Screen Overview
Tuberculosis is a chronic respiratory tract infection causing fever, cough and weight loss. It is commonly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). Many diagnostic techniques are available for diagnosis of tuberculosis which include staining, culture and nucleic acid detection. Among nucleic acid detection techniques are:
- polymerase chain reaction (PCR),
- Cartridge based nucleic acid amplification technique (CBNAAT)
- Line probe assay (LPA)
- Next generation sequencing (NGS).
With increase in drug resistance in tuberculosis patient many patients would require testing of second line drugs.
LPA is based on DNA strip technology.
In addition to detection of M.tb it can detect resistance to quinolone and aminoglycoside group of antibiotics
The Pulmonary Test - AFB XDR Screen, also known as the AFB XDR Screen by Hain Line Probe Assay (LPA), is a diagnostic test designed to detect the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) and identify strains that are resistant to multiple drugs, particularly those classified as extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). This test utilises DNA technology and is based on the Line Probe Assay (LPA) method, which involves DNA strip technology to detect specific genetic markers associated with drug resistance.
The Pulmonary Test - AFB XDR Screen is crucial for patients who exhibit symptoms suggestive of tuberculosis, especially those who may have drug-resistant strains. It is particularly important for patients who have been exposed to TB, have a history of TB treatment, or are from regions with high TB prevalence.
Written by: Dr Vishal Wadhwa, M.D, D.N.B Microbiology, Medical Affairs
Reasons for Undergoing the Pulmonary Test - AFB XDR Screen
There are several compelling reasons why patients should undergo the Pulmonary Test - AFB XDR Screen:
- If patients exhibit symptoms such as a persistent cough lasting three or more weeks, chest pain, fatigue, unexplained weight loss, chills, fever, night sweats, or loss of appetite, this test can help diagnose TB accurately.
- For detecting resistance to first-line and second-line TB drugs, which is crucial for managing XDR-TB effectively.
- To monitor the patient's response to TB treatment and adjust the treatment regimen if necessary, ensuring optimal outcomes.
- Individuals with a high risk of TB, such as those with a known TB exposure or a weakened immune system, should undergo this test for early detection and appropriate management.
List of Parameters Considered During the Pulmonary Test - AFB XDR Screen
The Pulmonary Test - AFB XDR Screen measures several key parameters to provide a comprehensive assessment of the patient's condition:
- Presence of M.tb: The test detects the DNA of M.tb in the sample, indicating whether the patient is likely suffering from tuberculosis.
- Resistance to Fluoroquinolones: By identifying genetic markers associated with resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics, the test can determine if the patient is unlikely to respond to fluoroquinolone treatment.
- Resistance to Aminoglycosides: The test also detects genetic markers associated with resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics, indicating if the patient is unlikely to respond to aminoglycoside treatment.
Pulmonary Test - AFB XDR Screen Preparation
To ensure accurate results, it is essential to follow these steps when preparing for the Pulmonary Test - AFB XDR Screen:
- Sputum Collection: Patients need to take a deep breath and cough forcefully to produce sputum from their lungs. The sputum should be spit directly into a sterile, wide-mouthed container provided by the healthcare facility.
- Sample Handling: The collected sputum will be transported to the laboratory for analysis. It is crucial to handle the sample properly to avoid contamination.
- No Specific Dietary Restrictions: There are no specific dietary restrictions or fasting requirements for this test, making it convenient for patients.
Pulmonary Test - AFB XDR Screen Results & Interpretation
The results of the Pulmonary Test - AFB XDR Screen can be interpreted as follows:
- M.tb Detected: Indicates the presence of M.tb DNA in the sample, suggesting the patient is likely suffering from tuberculosis.
- M.tb Not Detected: Indicates the absence of M.tb DNA in the sample, but it does not rule out TB completely, especially in early or paucibacillary infections. Repeat tests or culture may be advised.
- Resistance to Fluoroquinolones/Aminoglycosides Detected: Indicates the presence of genetic markers associated with resistance to these antibiotics. However, phenotypic confirmation is advisable.
Home Collection for Pulmonary Test - AFB XDR Screen
Metropolis Healthcare offers a convenient home sample collection service for the Pulmonary Test - AFB XDR Screen, ensuring patient comfort and safety. A trained phlebotomist will visit your doorstep to collect the sputum sample, maintaining high standards of sample handling and transportation to ensure accurate test results. By opting for Metropolis Healthcare's home collection service, you can expect timely and reliable results without compromising on the quality of the diagnostic solution. This service underscores Metropolis Healthcare's commitment to making healthcare accessible and providing quality diagnostic solutions conveniently at home.
Pulmonary Test - AFB XDR Screen Price
Metropolis Healthcare is a leading diagnostics centre and pathology lab in India equipped with the latest state-of-the-art technologies that provides the Pulmonary Test - AFB XDR Screen with a clear pricing structure.
The Pulmonary Test - AFB XDR Screen Price in Mumbai is ₹ 5,355 .
We are committed to deliver accurate and quality results from the best labs in India with complete transparency regarding test cost and turnaround time. No matter where you are, we strive to offer patients high-quality service that is affordable and accessible.
Frequently Asked Questions
Pulmonary test can be a follow up test post detection of resistance by first line LPA and Xpert Mtb/Rif.
In addition to detection of M.tb it can detect resistance to quinolone (levofloxacin, moxifloxacin) and aminoglycoside (amikacin, Kanamycin, capreomycin, viomycin) group of antibiotics
Pulmonary test detects DNA of Mtb and mutations which can lead to resistance towards levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, amikacin, Kanamycin, capreomycin and viomycin.
Laboratory will require culture isolate to book this test. For further details pls contact customer care
M.tb detected - This means that the DNA of M.tb is present in sample and patient is likely to be suffering from tuberculosis.
M.tb Not detected - This means that the DNA of M.tb is absent in sample and patient is unlikely to suffer from tuberculosis. However, sensitivity of this test is not 100%. Repeat test on fresh sample or culture may be advised by doctor to the patient
Resistance to Fluoroquinolone detected - This implies that patient is unlikely to respond to fluoroquniolone treatment. However confirmation with phenotypic is advisable
Resistance to Aminoglycosides detected- This implies that patient is unlike to respond to aminoglycoside treatment (check report for comments on individual antibiotics from aminoglycosides class). However confirmation with phenotypic is advisable
Positive M.tb result - This indicates that the DNA of M.tb is present in the sample and the patient is likely to have tuberculosis.
Negative M.tb result - This suggests that the DNA of M.tb is not present in the sample, and the patient is unlikely to have tuberculosis. However, the doctor may suggest repeating the test with a fresh sample or a culture to confirm the result.
Resistance to Fluoroquinolone detected - This implies that the patient is unlikely to respond to fluoroquinolone treatment. However, confirmation with phenotypic is advisable.
Resistance to Aminoglycosides detected- This implies that the patient is unlike to respond to aminoglycoside treatment. However, confirmation with phenotypic is advisable.
- Don't eat or drink anything except water about 12 hours before sample collection.
- Avoid alcohol and smoking 24 hours before sample collection.
- Don't consume the morning dose of your prescribed medications on the day of sample collection.
Low-income countries don't have the facilities to diagnose XDR tuberculosis. Reliable data from other countries show that there are more than 500000 cases worldwide.
The vaccine is effective in children but is not very effective in adults.
It may take about 6 weeks to confirm XDR TB.
- Acid-fast Bacillus Extensive Drug Resistance Screen
- Hains Line Probe Assay
AFB XDR Screen by Hain Line Probe Assay (LPA) is a diagnostic test used to detect the presence of M.tb. It is used to diagnose XDR-TB (extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis), a strain of TB that is resistant to multiple first-line and second-line TB drugs.
The Hain LPA is a molecular test that uses DNA technology to detect the presence of M.tb in a sample of sputum or other bodily fluid. It can also determine the drug susceptibility of the strain by testing for specific genetic markers associated with drug resistance.
The AFB XDR Screen by Hain LPA is an important tool for the early detection of XDR-TB and helps guide the appropriate treatment for patients with this difficult-to-treat form of tuberculosis.
Patients with the following symptoms should do an AFB XDR Screen by Hains Line Probe Assay:
- Persistent cough lasting three or more weeks, with mucus or blood
- Chest pain
- Fatigue and weakness
- Unexplained weight loss
- Chills and fever
- Night sweats
- Loss of appetite
The Pulmonary Test - AFB XDR Screen results are typically reported as "detected" or "not detected" for M.tb and specific resistances. There are no numerical "normal levels" for this test. A negative result indicates the absence of M.tb DNA, while a positive result indicates its presence.
The Pulmonary Test - AFB XDR Screen is used to diagnose tuberculosis, especially XDR-TB, and to determine the drug susceptibility of the M.tb strain. It also helps to guide the appropriate treatment for patients with this difficult-to-treat form of tuberculosis.
The frequency of testing for the Pulmonary Test - AFB XDR Screen depends on clinical suspicion and the patient's treatment response. It is typically done when symptoms suggest TB or when monitoring treatment efficacy is necessary.
There is no specific time recommended for the Pulmonary Test - AFB XDR Screen. It should be done when clinically indicated, such as when symptoms arise or during treatment monitoring.
No, fasting is not required for the Pulmonary Test - AFB XDR Screen.
Before getting tested for the Pulmonary Test - AFB XDR Screen, patients should ensure proper handling and collection of the sputum sample to avoid contamination. They should also follow any specific instructions provided by the healthcare facility.
The parameters included in the Pulmonary Test - AFB XDR Screen are the detection of M.tb DNA and the presence of genetic markers indicating resistance to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides.
The Pulmonary Test - AFB XDR Screen should be done when patients exhibit symptoms suggestive of TB, when monitoring treatment response, or when there is a high clinical suspicion of TB, especially XDR-TB.
The actual test procedure for the Pulmonary Test - AFB XDR Screen is relatively quick, involving the collection of a sputum sample. However, the laboratory analysis may take several hours to days to complete.
The reports for the Pulmonary Test - AFB XDR Screen can typically be available within a week, based on the day/time when the sample was collected and processed. For the exact turnaround time, you can consult with your healthcare provider or the specific lab.
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