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AFB MDR Screen - Extra pulmonary samples
AFB MDR Screen - Extra pulmonary samples
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AFB MDR Screen - Extra Pulmonary Samples Overview
The AFB (Acid-Fast Bacilli) MDR (Multi-Drug Resistant) Screen for extra-pulmonary samples is a crucial diagnostic test designed to detect the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), the bacteria responsible for tuberculosis (TB), in samples collected from parts of the body other than the lungs. This test is particularly important for diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), which can affect various organs such as the lymph nodes, spine, kidneys, and intestines.
The AFB MDR Screen - Extra Pulmonary Samples test employs a combination of techniques, including smear microscopy, mycobacterial culture, and molecular tests like line probe assay and MTB PCR test, to accurately identify the presence of TB bacteria and determine their susceptibility to first-line anti-TB drugs.
Tuberculosis is a chronic respiratory tract infection causing fever, cough and weight loss. It is commonly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). Many diagnostic techniques are available for diagnosis of tuberculosis which include staining, culture and nucleic acid detection. Among nucleic acid detection techniques are polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Cartridge based nucleic acid amplification technique (CBNAAT), Line probe assay (LPA), Next generation sequencing (NGS).
LPA is based on DNA strip technology. This test may be used to detect M.tb and resistance towards rifampicin and isoniazid resistance in culture isolates.
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) diagnosis is difficult. This is due to its unusual clinical presentation, It usually causes a delay in or denial of therapy. Along with quick case discovery, it is critical in these circumstances to determine the MDR status early.
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex and INH and Rifampicin resistance are both detected using the commonly available GenoType MTBDRplus assay version 2.0 (Hain Lifescience, Nehren, Germany).
Doctors hope to assess the role it plays in the diagnosis and detection of resistance. They do this by comparing this test's performance to the gold standard, which is culture. They also compare it to the composite reference standards (CRS) in the identification of EPTB. On negative and positive direct smear specimens, it generally had dubious benefits.
In cases when MDR-TB is highly suspect, experts recommend the Hain test. This is to identify the infection. They delay using traditional identification results to verify NTM. A positive Hain test results in a negative direct smear.
Written by: Dr Vishal Wadhwa, M.D, D.N.B Microbiology, Medical Affairs
Reasons for Undergoing the AFB MDR Screen - Extra Pulmonary Samples
There are several key reasons why a doctor may recommend undergoing the line probe assay test:
- Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary TB (EPTB): This test is used to confirm the presence of tuberculosis in non-pulmonary sites, especially when patients present symptoms suggestive of EPTB, such as unexplained weight loss, fever, or organ-specific symptoms.
- Detection of MDR-TB: The line probe assay test is crucial for identifying multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis, which helps in determining the appropriate treatment regimen and preventing the spread of resistant strains to others.
- Monitoring Treatment: The test is useful in assessing the effectiveness of ongoing TB treatment and can help detect the development of drug resistance during the course of therapy, ensuring that the treatment plan is adjusted if necessary.
- Public Health Surveillance: It plays a vital role in tracking and controlling TB outbreaks, particularly in high-risk populations, enabling timely intervention and better management of the disease.
List of Parameters Considered During the AFB MDR Screen - Extra Pulmonary Samples
The line probe assay test assesses TB presence and drug susceptibility using multiple methods:
- AFB Smear Microscopy: Detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis under a microscope
- Mycobacterial Culture: Confirms TB presence through bacterial growth
- Drug Susceptibility Testing: Identifies MDR-TB
- PCR and Molecular Tests: Detects genetic material, aiding diagnosis and resistance identification
AFB MDR Screen - Extra Pulmonary Samples Preparation
No fasting is typically required for the line probe assay, but specific instructions may vary depending on the sample type. Samples are collected from the suspected site of infection (e.g., lymph node aspirate, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, etc.) following strict protocols to avoid contamination. Patients should be informed about the procedure and any necessary precautions.
AFB MDR Screen - Extra Pulmonary Samples Results & Interpretation
The results of the line probe assay test provide valuable insights into the presence and drug susceptibility of TB bacteria:
- Positive AFB Smear: Indicates the presence of TB bacteria, but it does not distinguish between drug-susceptible and drug-resistant strains.
- Negative AFB Smear: Does not rule out TB, especially in EPTB cases, due to the low sensitivity of the test.
- Culture Results: Positive culture confirms TB and allows for DST to identify MDR-TB. Negative culture after an extended period (usually 6-8 weeks) suggests no growth of TB bacteria.
Molecular and PCR Results: Quick detection of genetic material can support the diagnosis and identify drug resistance. Results should be interpreted in conjunction with clinical findings and other diagnostic tests.
Metropolis Healthcare offers a convenient home sample collection service for the line probe assay TB test, ensuring a seamless experience for patients. A trained phlebotomist will visit your home to collect the required samples, maintaining the highest standards of safety and sample handling. This service prioritises your comfort and eliminates the need to visit a clinic or laboratory.
With Metropolis Healthcare's commitment to delivering timely and reliable line probe assay results, you can trust that your samples will be processed accurately, empowering you to make informed decisions about your health. By making quality diagnostic solutions accessible at home, Metropolis Healthcare demonstrates its dedication to patient-centric care and improving healthcare accessibility.
AFB MDR Screen - Extra pulmonary samples Price
Metropolis Healthcare is a leading diagnostics centre and pathology lab in India equipped with the latest state-of-the-art technologies that provides the AFB MDR Screen - Extra pulmonary samples with a clear pricing structure.
The AFB MDR Screen - Extra pulmonary samples Price in Mumbai is ₹ 2,120 .
We are committed to deliver accurate and quality results from the best labs in India with complete transparency regarding test cost and turnaround time. No matter where you are, we strive to offer patients high-quality service that is affordable and accessible.
Frequently Asked Questions
MTB test is often used as a follow up test to Xpert Mtb/Rif results to confirm resistance to Rifampicin and detect resistance against Isoniazid.
It can detect M.tb and resistance towards Isoniazid and Rifampicin
MTB test detects DNA of Mtb and mutations which can lead to Rifampicin and Isoniazid resistance
In extrapulmonary samples, the GenoType MTBDRplus assay can provide an early diagnosis. It can also provide high sensitivity for both INH and Rifampin.
M.tb detected - This means that the DNA of M.tb is present in sample and patient is likely to be suffering from tuberculosis.
M.tb Not detected - This means that the DNA of M.tb is absent in sample and patient is unlikely to suffer from tuberculosis.
Resistance (mutations) to Rifampicin, Isoniazid (KatG), InH A promoter region are reported by the test
This test utilizes a pure culture made from bodily fluids such as,
- Sputum.
- Bronchial alveolar lavage.
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
- Pus.
- Tissue.
- biopsies.
- lymph nodes.
- abscess.
- urine.
Before taking this test, no extra preparation is necessary.
- Amikacin: 6 µg/mL.
- capreomycin: 10 µg/mL.
- cycloserine: 60 µg/mL.
- ethionamide: 10 µg/mL.
- kanamycin: 6 µg/mL.
- PAS: 8 µg/mL.
- streptomycin at a low level (2.0 µg/mL) and a high level (4.0 µg/mL).
Genotype MTBDR Plus (Hain test)
If you experience any of the potential symptoms of TB like unexplained coughing or fever that lasts for weeks, you should get tested.
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis Primary Panel
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis Secondary Panel
- Mycobacterium avium-intracellular Complex
The AFB MDR Screen - Extra Pulmonary Samples is a diagnostic test that detects the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in samples taken from parts of the body other than the lungs and identifies multi-drug-resistant strains using line probe assay or MTB PCR tests.
Yes, home sample collection for the line probe assay is available through labs like Metropolis Healthcare, offering convenience and ease for patients to provide samples from home.
The line probe assay samples are used to diagnose extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB), detect multi-drug-resistant TB strains, guide appropriate treatment decisions, and prevent the spread of resistant strains.
There is no "normal range" for the line probe assay, as it is a qualitative test. A negative result indicates no presence of TB bacteria, while a positive result suggests infection.
Patients suspected of having extrapulmonary TB, those with symptoms suggestive of EPTB, and individuals exposed to someone with TB or multi-drug-resistant TB are eligible for the line probe assay.
The benefits of the line probe assay include accurate diagnosis of extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), early detection of multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB), and ability to guide appropriate treatment. It plays a crucial role in preventing spread of resistant strains, ensuring effective management, and improving patient outcomes.
Generally, line probe assay testing is done when symptoms suggest EPTB or after exposure to someone with TB or multi-drug-resistant TB.
There is no specific time for getting the line probe assay done.
Fasting is typically not required for the line probe assay.
Before getting the line probe assay, it is crucial to follow the laboratory's instructions carefully and ensure proper sample collection to avoid contamination.
The parameters included in the AFB MDR Screen - Extra Pulmonary Samples are AFB smear microscopy, mycobacterial culture, drug susceptibility testing (DST), and molecular tests such as line probe assay TB and MTB PCR tests.
The AFB MDR Screen - Extra Pulmonary Samples is done by collecting samples from the suspected site of infection, processing them in the laboratory, and analysing them using smear microscopy, culture, and molecular tests like line probe assay.
The line probe assay should be done when symptoms suggestive of extrapulmonary TB are present or after exposure to someone with TB or multi-drug-resistant TB.
The AFB MDR Screen - Extra Pulmonary Samples becomes positive when the test detects the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the sample and identifies any drug resistance using methods such as line probe assay or MTB PCR test.
The time taken for the line probe assay can vary depending on the specific tests performed.
The availability of reports for the line probe assay depends on the lab and specific tests performed. Results may be available within a week based on day/time the sample was collected and processed. The diagnostic center or healthcare provider will provide the exact timeline.
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